A

Abolition, 9, 65

Albee, Lt. George, 91

Alcohol

black soldiers and, 29, 50–51, 100, 238n. 11

frontier settlement and, 71

Indians and, 28-31, 73, 114, 175, 201

temperance and, 284

white officers and, 11, 56, 153, 166, 184, 184n. 28

Allensworth, LTC Allen, 283

Allotments. See Ration allotments

American Revolution, 3

Anadarko agency conflict, 119–25

Apache Indians

as army scouts, 235

defeats, 93–96

Medicine Lodge Peace Council and, 27–28

resettlement, 173–74, 176, 183, 251 & n. 43

Spanish slavery of, 172

in Texas, 84, 97, 142–43

unrest in 1867, 87

unrest in 1875-76, 174–76, 180–81

unrest in 1877, 181–93

unrest in 1878, 193–95

unrest in 1879, 211–16, 221–33

unrest in 1880-81, 234–38

unrest in 1885-86, 246–52

unrest in 1890, 252

. See also Geronimo (Apache); Victorio, Chief (Apache)

Arapaho Indians

Hancock's campaign of 1867 and, 20–21

Medicine Lodge Peace Council and, 27–28

unrest in 1868, 32

unrest in 1874, 116–21

Arizona, 173, 246–52

Arizona Citizen, 176

Armes, Capt. George, 22, 23 & n. 11

Arrington, Capt. G.W. (Texas Rangers), 165, 167–69

Awards and recognition

black soldier endurance, 130–31, 140, 158, 213–14

Cheyenne agency fight and, 139–41

history of black, 285

Ninth U.S. Cavalry, 89, 91, 181, 183

prejudice and, 277–81, 285

Sioux unrest in 1890, 276

Tenth U.S. Cavalry, 166n. 44, 238–39, 250

Victorio War, 232

. See also Fighting spirit; Medal of Honor; U.S. Army, anti-military sentiment; Winter endurance

B

Baldwin, Capt. Theodore A., 69, 124, 143, 148, 166

Beecher, Frederick, 33

Big Bow, Chief (Kiowa), 59, 66

Big Red Food, Chief (Comanche), 119–21, 133

Big Tree, Chief (Kiowa), 59–61, 73–74, 136

Billy the Kid, 196, 198–200, 198n. 59, 203–05

Black Kettle, Chief (Cheyenne), 20, 32, 113

Black military units

Eighth Volunteer Infantry, 280

First Regiment, South Carolina Volunteers, 3

Fortieth Infantry Regiment, 18

Forty-eighth U.S. Volunteer Infantry, 280

Forty-first Infantry Regiment, 18

Forty-ninth U.S. Volunteer Infantry, 280

Fourth Division, 5

legislation authorizing peacetime, 6–7

Ninth U.S. Cavalry, 7

Second Colored Light Artillery, 5n. 8

Sixth U.S. Colored Cavalry, 9

Sixth U.S. Colored Heavy Artillery, 5n. 8

Tenth U.S. Cavalry, 7

Thirty-eighth Infantry Regiment, 18

Thirty-ninth Infantry Regiment, 18

Twenty-fifth Infantry Regiment, 18

Twenty-fourth Infantry Regiment, 18

. See also Army unit by name; Black officers

Black officers

Allensworth, LTC Allen, 283

Flipper, Lt. Henry, 122, 228, 241–42, 242n. 17

McBryar, Sgt. William, 252, 279-280

Plummer, Rev. Henry, 284

Powell, Gen. Colin, 293

Taylor, Lt. C.W., 256

Young, Charles, 280

. See also Black military units

Bonney, William. See Billy the Kid

Boomer movement, 252–57, 271

Bootleggers. See Illegal activities; Whiskey

Bowie Station. See Fort Bowie, Ariz.

Brisbin, Capt. James S., 9 & n. 21

Buell, LTC George, 72, 80, 126–31, 231

Buffalo

destruction of, 166

Indian hunting rights of, 27–28

Indian way of life and, 19–20, 114

Buffalo soldiers, naming of, 26–27, 292

Bullis, Lt. John L., 144, 148

Burnett, Lt. George, 236–37

Burnside, Gen. Ambrose, 5

C

Caddo Indians, 120

Camp Supply, 46 & n

Camp Wichita. See Fort Sill, Okla.

Captives

Mexican, 89, 222

white, 28–29, 31, 55–57, 210, 249

Carpenter, Capt. Louis Henry, 33–38, 36n. 33, 52, 124, 221

Carr, Gen. Eugene A., 8, 36, 38, 46, 231

Carroll, Capt. Henry

biography, 91n. 19

Boomer movement, 255–57

Indian unrest and, 90-91, 180, 193-194

photograph, 220

Victorio War, 216, 224

Chaplains, military

black, 282-284

black soldiers and, 6

education and, 100, 244–46

religious services, 184

Cherokee Indians, 21, 253

Cheyenne Indians

Cheyenne agency fight, 136–40

Medicine Lodge Peace Council and, 27–28

Sand Creek Massacre and unrest of, 20–21

unrest in 1868, 31–40

unrest in 1871, 62

unrest in 1873, 73

unrest in 1874, 116–21, 125–40

Chickasaw Indians, 21

Children, 65, 227, 243–44

. See also Families

Chiricahua Apaches. See Apache Indians

Chisum, John S., 197

Chivington, Col. John M., 20

Choctaw Indians, 21

Civil affairs

Lincoln County War, 195–207

military role in, 18, 207

Salt Ring and, 189–93

Civil rights movement

black soldiers and, 257–58

Civil Rights Bill, 1964, 282

Civil War, 10

Harry S. Truman and, 281–82

race relations, 286

segregation and, 277–78

Voting Rights Act, 1965, 282

Civil War

black military units and, 282

black military units in, 3–5

black veteran demonstrations and, 10

impact on Indian activities, 19

segregation and the, 277–78